Different types of water softeners

Most home water softeners use the plastic bead and salt approach. The main difference between them is how they decide when to refresh. Some softeners use electric timers that flush and recharge based on a regular schedule. Others use a computer that judges the bead reduction based on water use. Still others use a mechanical water meter to measure water use and start the recharging process only when sodium inability requires it. Each approach comes with its share of pros and cons.

Electronic timer units can't dispense soft water while recharging. Alternatively, some computerized systems carry a reserve resin capacity, so you can tap them for a squirt or two of soft water even during recharge cycles. Most flexible of all are mechanical systems, which come equipped with two mineral tanks. One tank can make soft water while the other recharges.

The most common household form of water softeners is ion-exchanging bead devices. There are three main types of water softeners categorized based on what salt they use: sodium, potassium, or hydrogen. There is no right choice but you can ask professionals for their expert opinions on which they prefer. Sodium is more available and less expensive than potassium but there are concerns about the additional sodium intake particularly for anyone on a low sodium diet.

Modern water softeners run between $400 and $2,700, and are designed to be easy to install and remove, which is good news if you want to take your unit with you when you move. However, unless you are confident in your electrical and plumbing abilities, you might want to hire a plumber, which could add $100 to $600 to the initial cost of your unit. Some stores include installation with the purchase of a water softener.